Section O. Public Administration and Defense; Compulsory Social Insurance

Continuation of Table 1  

* Control of the Trajectory of Small Cosmic Bodies

The entire system should be as independent as possible of changing environmental conditions, be as versatile as possible, use existing technologies and techniques that have proven reliability, and ensure that the body is deflected from the collision trajectory. A result should be achieved regardless of the shape and speed of the small cosmic body, its direction of rotation, its surface material, its structure, or its light reflecting power. The bulk of the body should acquire additional velocity in the right direction, and fragments, if they form, should be small in size and also avoid any collision with the Earth.

Repeated calculations show that the only real method for influencing the trajectory of small cosmic bodies is a nuclear explosion. This is primarily due to the huge energy content of nuclear materials (up to two or three kilotons of TNT equivalent per kilogram of product weight) and the presence of proven and reliable systems. Nuclear explosive devices were originally designed in mass-dimensional parameters suitable for delivery by missiles; they are relatively cheap, have been repeatedly tested on Earth and in space, and are equipped with safety systems for transportation and storage.

One of the most universal methods of control is causing an explosion close to the small cosmic body’s flight path. This will cause only a slight rotation of the asteroid, while the choice of place of detonation could “push” the body in the right direction and reduce the impact of its shape on the final result. Below is a rough estimate of such an impact, based on the law of conservation of momentum in the coordinate system, where the asteroid rests.

A reactive force of recoil acts on an asteroid with a mass of M during explosive evaporation of a surface layer with a mass m and velocity of departure of vx, which gives it a velocity of v. We are looking at a body with a diameter of 200 m and a density of 3 t/m³; the value of m (according to the results of ground tests in the atmosphere equal to the mass of the TNT equivalent of the charge) is 106 t, while vx = 500 m/s. Assuming that the explosion will occur at a distance of 50 m from the asteroid, if we reduce the solid angle of the explosion three-fold compared to the known case of a flat surface, we get: v - m*v/M*3 = 13.5 m/s. In reality, this value will be slightly (insignificantly) greater, since we must take into account the effects of the relativistic component of the explosion (electromagnetic radiation), depending on the specific characteristics of the charge. At such a rate, the asteroid will shift in relation to the Earth’s radius by 6.3*103 km in five days, which gives a reasonable margin of time for its preliminary detection.
The above calculation is approximate, since “earthly” values of m and vx were used.
This technology will provide complete protection of the Earth from small cosmic bodies.

* Digital Space

Implementation of the idea of digital space in the form of an information and communication platform will ensure the formation and maintenance of a continuously updated database on phenomena, objects and events in outer space that is accessible worldwide. By becoming a mechanism for integrating the efforts of states, international intergovernmental organizations, international non-governmental and specialized national organizations and spacecraft operators, the global Digital Space project will solve problems regarding the collection, systematization and provision of information on global space activities, including that obtained by monitoring objects and events in outer space.

The introduction of Digital Space technology will help to protect the Earth from outer space.

Continuation of Table 1

*Mobile laboratory of radiation, ecological and biomedical monitoring housed in a minibus (MLREMBM)

Functional capabilities of the laboratory:

• it monitors alpha/beta/gamma pollution (250 sq.m/hour) based on new portable detector units as part of the laboratory equipment;
• it evaluates the alpha/beta/gamma contamination of clothing, body, etc. of a person in the event of such a hazard (a special lock chamber included in the laboratory);
• in the event of human contamination, it determines the degree of upper respiratory tract contamination with alpha-radioactive nuclides using a new alpha radiation endoscope and gamma locator (preliminary diagnosis);
• it carries out express diagnostics of the functional state of the examined person on the basis of computer analysis of heart rate variability (HRV);
• it evaluates a person’s individual sensitivity to the effects of pulsed and microwave electromagnetic fields (special technique and equipment in the laboratory);
• it assesses the level of electromagnetic pollution of the environment and the level of its danger for people with hypersensitivity to microwave;
• it maps environmental radiation monitoring data using GLONAS and GPS systems.

This technology will make it possible to monitor the condition of people and the environment online.